| Exclusion Criteria: | 1) Disease related: Currently receiving any treatment for MDS other than transfusions and erythropoietic growth factors. If granulocyte growth factors are currently being received, they cannot be used on or after study day 1.
2) Clinically significant bleeding within 2 weeks prior to screening (eg, GI bleeds, intracranial hemorrhage).
3) Prior malignancy (other than controlled prostate cancer, in situ cervical cancer or basal cell cancer of the skin) unless treated with curative intent and without evidence of disease for >/= 3 years before screening.
4) Prior history of bone marrow transplantation.
5) Persistent peripheral blood monocytosis (>/= 3 months with an absolute monocyte count > 1,000/mu L).
6) Unstable angina, congestive heart failure [NYHA > class II], uncontrolled hypertension [diastolic > 100 mmHg], uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, or a recent (within 1 year) myocardial infarction.
7) Medications: Received anti-thymocyte globuline (ATG) within 6 months of screening.
8) Received hypomethylating agents, immunomodulating agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors, cyclosporine or mycophenolate within 6 weeks of screening.
9) Received IL-11 (oprelvekin) within 4 weeks before screening.
10) Concurrent use of granulocyte growth factors (i.e. G-CSF(NeupogenŽ, GranocyteŽ), pegfilgrastim (NeulastaŽ), GM-CSF (Leukine, Prokine, Sargramostim)).
11) Have ever previously received rTPO, PEG-rHuMGDF, eltrombopag, or AMG 531.
12) Less than 4 weeks since receipt of any therapeutic drug or device that is not FDA approved for any indication.
13) General: Other investigational procedures are excluded.
14) History of arterial thrombosis (eg, stroke or transient ischemic attack) in the past year.
15) History of venous thrombosis that currently requires anti-coagulation therapy.
16) Untreated B12 or folate deficiency.
17) Subject is evidently pregnant (eg, positive HCG test) or is breast feeding.
18) Subject is not using adequate contraceptive precautions.
19) Subject has known hypersensitivity to any recombinant E coli-derived product.
20) Subject previously has enrolled in this study.
21) Subject will not be available for follow-up assessment.
22) Subject has any kind of disorder that compromises the ability of the subject to give written informed consent and/or to comply with study procedures. |