This study will help to establish the feasibility of a new smoking cessation and prevention intervention including two new modules addressing alcohol use and depression. In addition, we will demonstrate the feasibility of a smoking prevention website. Both cessation and prevention programs will be tailored to the needs of culturally diverse urban (University of Houston) and rural (Texas A&M) university campuses.
The specific aims are to investigate the following questions:
1. Feasibility: Is it feasible to implement a multi-faceted smoking cessation and prevention program comprising various intervention components in urban and rural college campuses?Hypothesis 1.1: At 6 months post-treatment, students enrolled in the study will find the program appealing and report that it generates interest and effective use in urban and rural college campuses.
2. Smoking Cessation: Can an enhanced smoking cessation intervention that combines individual smoking cessation counseling, tailored Internet-based sessions, access to an Internet-based support site, and nicotine lozenges have an impact on smoking cessation in urban and rural college campuses?
Hypothesis 2.1: At 6 months post-treatment, student smokers enrolled in the study will benefit from our smoking cessation intervention (in terms of making quit attempts and quitting smoking).
3. Smoking Prevention: Can a smoking prevention intervention provided as a series of proactive e-mails with links to videos and interactive multimedia activities plus an interactive blog have an impact on smoking prevention in urban and rural college campuses?
Hypothesis 3.1: At 6 months after the end of treatment, nonsmokers exposed to our smoking prevention program will report an increase in resistance skills to pro-tobacco influences and maintaining tobacco-free lifestyle.
4. Mediating Variables: How are mediating variables associated with smoking cessation and initiation?
Hypothesis 4.1: Predictors of smoking cessation (e.g., level of depressive symptoms, alcohol use, nicotine dependence, perceived health status, self-efficacy, temptations to smoke, and pros and cons of smoking) will mediate the effect of the intervention on both prevention and cessation of smoking.Hypothesis 4.2: Predictors of smoking initiation (e.g., level of depressive symptoms, alcohol use, perceived health status, self-efficacy, temptations to smoke, and pros and cons of smoking) will mediate the effect of the intervention on smoking initiation.
5. Stages of Change: Does the proposed intervention have an impact on progression through the stages of smoking cessation and acquisition? Hypothesis 5.1. Smokers' progression. Students who are smokers at baseline will experience progression through the stages of change associated with smoking cessation. Hypothesis 5.2. Nonsmokers' nonprogression. Students who are nonsmokers at baseline will progress through the stages of change associated with the acquisition of smoking. |