| Exclusion Criteria: | 1) Patients with uncontrolled infection or CNS disease.
2) Distant metastasis (TNM stage M1, i.e., lung, bone, other visceral sites, lymph node metastasis above the aortic bifurcation).
3) Patients with clinically negative inguinal examinations or those with palpable adenopathy not meeting pathological or clinical criteria (i.e., minimal nodal metastasis or false positive inguinal examination).
4) Prior systemic chemotherapy for penile carcinoma.
5) Prior radiation therapy to inguinal or pelvic lymph nodes. |